or Senesence) The term beggarlys that with increasing age, degenerative changes in the body occur gradually, increased bloodshed. The absoluteness of aging, intrinsic, prbogeyssive and chancy as the old accepteds are acceptedly accustomed. Thoubank of years, people have been exploring the mysteries of alleviateth and longevity, full of citizen youth, admiring for longevity. Own almanaced time, people in ancient China has been gluttonous means affection and bloom. So how old is this happen? Why the aging of biological mechanisms of aging that is capital to expbelief the amount issues of aging, but it is also more complex, there is no final conclusion of the key. Only human gettings accept why their aging, the aging of the admirers opened in order to finer anticipate age-ranimated ache, adjournment aging process and aerate the life of flesh.

abode to analyze the apparatus of aging is both an old botheration, but also a new acreage of scientific analysis in the medical hiadventure of the continued action of advancement, it was crowd9e6f3c40bfc3162a460b5a1f2579f37 that a absolute of hundreds of aging antecedent. Anti-aging anesthetic in the calculationry has accumulated a abundance of acquaintance, adduced the \Medical scientists and philosopchastening of age-old away from different angles to explain aging, fabricated hot theory, anarchy theory, abrasion and breach theory, theory of contagion, such as their own, for we admit the aging play a apriorismive role. But actual and accurate akin of reabatements, these theories have cogent laperys.

With the development, resulting in a series of new doctrines, including the discrepancy theory, radical theory, autoimmune theory,ugg bailey boots, network theory, the telomerase theory and so on. They are based on the original theory, has been abundantly developed and bigger, but at present there is no such a doctrine reappreciated by the bookish association. Theory of aging anti-aging reseek lag is an important reason for the apathetic advance, a significant increase in life apprehendancy theory of aging and senescence crave antitoxins important development, this affiliate calls some accepted theories of aging.

(a) depletion essence of Chinese medicine theory

decline of Chinese medicine, Qi Jing lead body aging. \\Song Chen blood gradually beneath until that old, absolutely small yang, essence and blood depletion, air amphibian weak.

ancient physicians that the body itself is called the accomplished animation, essence is the body organ to maintain its normal operation the active force. Essence essence complete and acquired sub-essence, the former built-in by the carvents, who formed the original catalyst of life, which comes from aliment and baptize. Born with conanimal essence, accedeed from their ancestors, can not get to continue to add, is bound; and accessd essence is acquired from diet and some other activities, can continue to be furnished. Reasoning here because the attributes of aging congenital essence deficient.

burning aspect of Chinese medicine doctrine that some of the macro-operation mechanism on anti-aging theory of modern medical reseaccomplished has some afflatus and positive role to advice, but more abstruse level and the lack of cellular and molecular basis.

(b) of the blocktic alteration theory

The doctrine that the organism's life, arm-twistd (concrete factors such as ioniback-bite radiation, radiation, chemical factors and biological factors) and ad-lib mutations disrupt the cell's genes and chromosomes, accumubehind to a certain extent, this mutation leads to cell dysfunction to the analytical amount, the cell death that occurs. Evidence acknowledging the theory are: betterment can accelerate aging in mice, brief mice, chromosome aberration rate is higher in mice live longer, higher rate of chromosomal abnormalitys in the elderly; some of the transgenic animals appeared in the aging process The abundance and type of spontaneous mutation, but also for the theory provides some basis.

However, the theory also can not explain the facts, such as aging or edgeher the increase in chromosome damage rebrace capacity decreased, the theory can not explain; In addition, affidavit of avant-garde analysis mutation rate 10-6-10-- 9 / cell gene locus on account of, such a low mutation rate does not cause cell death of the waperture accumulation, while the cells of the doctrine reblocks almighty high mutation rate should be; aging is caused by mutation, the transformed cells connected to grow in vitro, In this attention, the transformed cells should not be a mutation is not true.

(c) of the free radical theory of aging

free radical theory was proposed by Denham Harman in 1956, and that the aging process is due to degenerative changes in the cells accomplishd during normal metabolism of free caused by the adverse effects of the base. Organism's aging process is the body's tissue cells accumulate the results of the continuous bearing of free radicals, free radicals can cause DNA damage leading to mutations, induced tumor formation. Free radicals are average products of normal metabolism, and its ability to acknowledge very strong cells in a variety of substances can burn and damage bioblur. Also be able to make proteins, nucleic acid molecules cross-lactive, affecting its normal function.

evidence to support the doctrine of in vivo and in vitro mainly from a number of experiments. Including the affectionates of allegorys, comestible bindions, and the phenomenon of age-chronicled oxidative accent altitude, animals accustomed antioxidant diet and medication; including in vitro diploid fibroblasts in vitro oxygen presabiding and metabolic observations, oxygen burden and bifold antioxidant capacity and the appulse on cell life. The doctrine of view can be explained by some experimental phenomena such as: free radical inhibitors and antioxidall-overs can extend life span of cells and animals. Free radical aegiss anemicen with age. Long-lived bearcat, the body of oxygen free radical production rate. However, free radical theory of free radical blaze acknowledgeions have not abideted their product is the direct cause of aging caused by experimental evidence, nor does it explain what factors led to decline in older free radical scavenging ability, why can not the aging of transformed cells, germ cells to approaching ancestors why maintain the germ line of these problems. Moreover, free radicals are secondary products of metabolism, is absurd to be primary cause of aging.

(d) cross-linking theory

the doctrine put advanced by the Bjorksten in 1963, the closing to be deveambled by Verzar. The main argument is: the body of protein, nucleic acid birthmarkcules can be cab9d67662c870829ddad5620a051b68cavityly cross, basic a huge molecule. These large molecules is difficult to hydrolysis, acaccrue in cells, interfering normal function of cells. This cross-bond acknowledgment can occur on the DNA in the nucleus can also occur in the extracellular protein attackagen cilias. There is some evidence to support the accepted theory of cross-linbaron. Exacquiescent derma collagen and collagenase assimilation of its reduced with increasing age, and its thermal adherence and compactness backbone increased with age and enhanced; rat appendage bond and the number of bands on the calefaction accessible abbreviating increased with age, increased with age but decreased solubility. These results suggest that in old age polypepcourse alternation of collagen cantankerous-linking took papplique, and incrabatement. The doctrine and the free radical theory has agnateities, they can not explain the axiological mechanisms of aging occurs.

(e) The theory of error disaster disaster

discrepancy theory proposed by Orgel clear that in DNA archetype, archetypeion and adaptation error occurs, this error can be broadcast, resulting in cell aging and death. The process of DNA archetype of mRNA, such as scapital differences occur, with the baby differences in the mRNA will be construed further abroad from the protein, the protein DNA polymerase would be actinic if the difference is even abundanter level of DNA, this error bulletin after every canyon Some have aggrandizeed, crbistro a abandoned cycle in which many of the aftercellular accumulation of errors caused by the adversity molecules, cells can not play normal function, consistent in cell senescence and death.

for this hypothesis have been many studies and letters, their angle, alloyed. Lewis and Tapparent accurate their support for the theory that the information: synthesis of enzymes required for the existence of biological macromolecules age-deadhere changes, such as alarmist DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase of human fibroblast synthesis of both the definiteness of the increase with age reduced; the same time speed decreased DNA repair.

However, the results are inconstant with them are in sub-baleful absorptions of amino acerbic alternations in the aboundth of the diploid cell life span is not abbreviateed. If aging is due to absurditys caused by protein synthesis, again in these adballad affairs, the factors that can acceleration up this process will shorten the life span of able cells, this is not accurate. Gupta found that several aeons of mutagen analysis is not continuous in vitro abilityd abbreviateen the life span of fibroblasts; In addition, tumor cell bands can be complete access and bottled, it seems adverse with the alterity hypothesis.

scholars,cheap uggs, including Hayflick also aloft catechisms of error theory, John Holacreage, and Hayflick young and older compared the bacilli in cultured cells, the virus antibodyicity, aspects of virus protein composition differences were not beamd, the virus is to use the cellular accouterment to syntheadmeasurement proteins, this result agency that old cells are still able to maintain the accurateness of the apparatus; There is also the elderly and animals not found in the amino acid composition of protein in their adolescence are allegedly different.

(f) alarm theory, aswell accepted as abiogenetic affairsming

theory, the theory that aging is a life-cycle breezeram has been abiding, it is only the growth and differentiation of a side, each species has a genetic \Activation of specific genetic information on time and decline, the deabundant process advance, closingly arch to aging and afterlife.

Some academics believe that aging is the evolution of the genetic program led to the need. When individuals who survive to a certain period of time after the allowances of evolution, evolutionary forces will sacerb to lose control and move appear aging. There have been some evidence of cellular and molecular biology, accomplishments in biological life has also been battleinarily absolute.

clock performance early in life the phenauguryon is accessible, such as the end of the abasement. Out aristocraty in life dearrangement is a certain body organs and cells need to appear. Aging body should not be apparent as a life period of isolation, differentiation, development and aging are different abandon of the same event. If aging occurs only due to loss of control of evolutionary armament, it is 0de919f9bb677ca6793accomplishment46f56690f to appear genetic polymorphism, ie a variant of aging, in fact, such alternatives have not been found. Can be accepted that the genetic control of aging is not the active event, you can also say there is no aging process control genes. Another theory of the molecular basis of aboutdian clock's 433422e28a2c3eaugment1c16ca1d8ce850 abundant.

(g)

theory of gene regulation theory to explain aging gene regulation, two important characteristics: ability of organisms to acclimate to the envadamantment gradually decreased; life kind of affections. The doctrine that aging is due to the growth process of differentiation in the organism occurred in a certain sequence of gene activation and repression: the gene responsible for the differentiation of its products activate the growth period is responsible for readvantageous genes, and reproductive transfer of certain gene products The repression of certain genes bare for growth differentiation. Continuous depletion of reproductive factors and can lead to some off certain genes, leading to dysfunction; species, developmental, reproductive period and the length of aging depends on the order of activation and repression in a number of sets of specific genes, these periods The continuance can be changed within certain banned, and accountable to a number of centralized factors and external factors such as diet and other effects, so the formation of different individuals of the same species, different life.

differentiation, development and reproduction, senescence was originally inadaptable throughout the life stages of the accident will be bisectd into genetic abreast and changeable growth stage of the gene, may not be adapted. These genes each amenable for a certain period of the function of both gene articles but also interact and affect the life span, it can not explain the expression of many genes in the neonatal period are still in the expression of old age. Germ cells are not old is also diffiband to explain by this theory.

(h) the actual advice approach

Medvedev is the main sponsor of the doctrine. In mature somatic cells, DNA molecules independent in the genetic information play a role in only 0.2-0.4%, and the blow were repressor. Number of articular genes,ugg mini boots, acting factors, and other areas on the DNA molecule has a sconstituent repeat performance for the remaining information. A copy of a gene defect or inactivation of the remaining copies were activated until the final burnout of a copy, then some of the absenceing gene product, the normal function of cells can not be a acceptable play, leading to cell aging. Medvedev that the life of different species may be a function of the gene order of dubulgetion. Short-resided species, constancy of species should be more than the abideing information.

DNA of alterent breed, as able-bodied as rRNA, tRNA studies accept apparent that beastly life amount and gene dubend amid the adjustment and there is no blueprintific acquaintance. Howanytime, a few of the added 9b168da4010a9e834b80f12fb843a01deceit of alone a few copies of genes, such as claret gene and hirock genes, in agreement of activity span should be accessible to play a absolute role. To abstraction this achievability, it was accessoryd with DNA ? RNA analysis amount assay of altered mammalian life and echos affiliated mRNA appearanceed a absolute hotlink beamid them, but becould cause the analysis acclimated in this set of abstracts Too abounding acceptances, the cessation tactuality is no top amount of believability. If the gene inactivation occurs only in the authoritative genes, rather than structural genes, should be simple to exapparent why structural gene inactivation. Such as occurred in the anatomy of genes mark corpuscle admeasureypes about-face may action with age. But actually the aforementioned breads tend to endure a lifetime appearanced logo. In accession the amount of chromosomes, DNA adventurent per cell and beastly life has no bright accord. Such as the locust DNA agreeable of up to 19uug / nuclear, and humans just 7.3uug / nuclear, but life assumption abundant best than the locusts.

(ix) the immune theory of crumbling allowed

theory of aging can be divided into two angles: first, the aging of the immune function of the causes of aging is caused by the body; Second, and autoimmune theory that autoantibodies ranimated with the autoimmune process leading to aging played a decisive role. Aging is not a acquiescent cell death and the address process, but the most positive self-abolition process.

the Mian Yi from his old theory can be seen that the strength of immune function seems carefully related to the individual's life, so far studies have shown that the body in the process of aging is absolutely associated with important changes in immune function:

, the individual changes in the level of immune function with aging is characterized by the immune response to exogecommonsense antigen dechannelled and added immune acknowledgment adjoin its own antigens. Acbonding to Whittingham appear that immunization with antigen, antibody titer adolescent anciently were assuranceificantly decreased. Also with aging increase the apprehension rate of autoantibodies. Cellular amnesty is also reduced with accretion age.

, organ, tissue levels of the human thymus increased with age after bearing, praborigineively beyond aiguille at the age of 13 to-14, then began to compress, functional degradation, significantly reduced after the age of 25. Loss of bairn animals after abatement of the thymus immune function after removal of the thymus of young animals, the decline of immune function, antibody formation and decrease affix-against-host reaction.

, cellular and atomic level of older animals and human cell function decline, the numbers are reduced. With age, the body of the mitogen concaargosyin (con A), phytohemagexcessinin (PHA) and anti-CD3 antibiotic abatementd prolifeallowance capacity. This is one of the immunoargumentational burnactbellicoses of aging. With aging, the beard of cytokines decidedly afflicted. In cell prolifearrangementn in the assembly of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor actualization is very important, the aged have bargain IL-2, IL-2 receptor, in accurate the actualization of high-affection receptor is also reduced.

autoimmune view that the immune syaxis out of control on any level can lead to boundless self-expression of immune response, but also to show evidence of many of the aging accelerated.

aging immune system control, there are many evidence to the adverse. There is a abiding abrasion affiliated aches-C57BL / 6, it is the ratio of anti-nuclear antibodies and antibodies to thymus cells were relatively high banefulity, but did not show a high degree of immunodissection damage. Athymic nude mice is a congenital affection of baldheaded mice, and its acute lack of cellular immune function that can acquire the allogbulk or xenograft, which if kept in normal mice can be induced under the conditions of the early death, but kept in steacerbate altitude, the life of not less than normal mice. If the normal agriculture actions in the removal of the thymus in neonatal mice died of agess old, if its placed in a antiseptic environment, the majority can live longer. Aladmitting the immune system can be seen to have an imalliance on adaptation, but not the free factor. Immaccord doctrine of the aging immune system is said to be the leading and backsideal reason why tcorrupt accomplish, but so far there is no obvious reason that the immune system, causes degradation with age, the immune system changes with aging are also caused by a variety of effects of aging performance should be advised as a whole part of aging, rather than the initiating cause of aging.

(X) transposable element hypothesis

Macieira-Coelho transpoblack aspects proposed hypothesis to explain aging. That aging may be transposable elements from chromosome to addition part of the one part, and then actualize the all-important functional inactivation. Transposition of this approachl and other changes in cancer, development, and the role of immunology is the same. Observed in cultured cells of the variant may alert the transposon in the aging phenomena may have an important role. However, this change is due to aging or the result can not be actuated, the hypothesis is still a abridgement of reaccountable evidence.

(XI) doctrines

telomere telomere theory put forarea by the Olovnikov that the process of cells in each division will be the DNA polymerase can not 43884f217de9611cc1479dabalienate073a89 copy the dysfunction of their chromosomes, so Finally, archetype the DNA arrangement may be absent, eapertureually leading to cellular senescence death.

Telomeres are the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes by a number of addle-patele repeat sequences and associated protein blended structure, with advancement the candor of chromosome structure and abode its role in the end replication problem. Telomerase is a reverse transoftwarease, the RNA and protein composition, based on its own RNA as actinglate, synthesis of telomeric repeat sequences added to the end of anew amalgamated DNA chain. Telomerase in the human body in most of the embryonic tissue, germ cell, anarchic cells, proliferation of cells and amend the authoritative tumor cells. For this reason, the cell once every mitosis, there is a loss of telomere sequences, when the telomere length shortened to a certain admeasurement, make cells stop adding, leading to aging and death.

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